Rahotanni daga kasashen ketare sun bayyana cewa, a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu, agogon kasar, gobara ta tashi a cibiyar ajiyar makamashi ta Gateway dake Otay Mesa, a San Diego, California, Amurka.Ya ɗauki ma'aikatan kashe gobara fiye da kwana ɗaya don sarrafa gobarar, amma baturi a masana'antar ya sake yin ƙarfi sau da yawa.
A cewar rahotanni daga kafofin watsa labaru na kasashen waje a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu, cibiyar ajiyar makamashi ta shafe kwanaki shida tana ci, kuma har yanzu jami'an kashe gobara ba za su iya tantance tsawon lokacin da wutar za ta ci gaba ba.
Robert Rezende, kwamandan hukumar kashe gobara da ceto ta San Diego kuma mai gudanar da ayyukan gaggawa na madadin makamashi, ya ce a tarihi, ya zama ruwan dare ganin wannan sarkar ta halaka na dadewa na tsawon lokaci, kusan kamar tasirin domino.
Brent Pascua, kyaftin na reshen San Diego na Sashen kashe gobara na California, ya kuma ce, “Bayan tattaunawa da masana, sun ci karo da ire-iren abubuwan da suka faru a baya, kowanne daga kwanaki bakwai zuwa makonni da yawa, kuma ba mu da tabbas.Muna shirin fuskantar mafi munin yanayi kuma muna shirin zama a nan na dogon lokaci, makonni biyu zuwa hudu, sannan a sake tantancewa."
Cibiyar Batir ta lura cewa a cikin watan Yuni 2023, tashoshi biyu na ajiyar makamashi na lithium-ion a Warwick, New York, Amurka, sun kama wuta yayin wata guguwa, wacce ta dauki sama da mako guda.
A cikin Oktoban 2023, gobara ta tashi a cibiyar ajiyar makamashi ta Idaho Power da ke kusa da Melba, Idaho, Amurka, wanda ya yi sanadin gobara a kalla guda 8.Wutar ta dau tsawon kwanaki.
An ba da rahoton cewa ƙarfin shigar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Gateway ya kai 250MW/250MWh.A watan Agustan shekarar 2020, an fara aikin kashi na farko na aikin mai karfin megawatt 230, kuma ya zama aikin adana makamashi mafi girma a duniya a wancan lokacin.Har ila yau, aikin yana shirin fadada zuwa 250MW na tsawon sa'o'i 4, yana samar da tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai karfin 1000MWh.
Kamfanin makamashi na Amurka LS Power ne ke sarrafa tashar wutar lantarki ta Gateway, tare da NEC ES tana ba da hanyoyin haɗin tsarin tsarin makamashi da LG Chem yana samar da ƙwayoyin batir, waɗanda batir lithium ne na ternary.
Idan dai ba a manta ba akwai rahotannin da ke nuni da cewa hukumar ta NEC ES mai hada wutar lantarki da ke aikin ta sanar da fatara tare da janyewa daga sana’ar ajiyar makamashin kafin fara aikin kashi na farko.
Bugu da kari, wata guda da ya gabata (27 ga Afrilu), wata gobara ta tashi a cikin wata rumbun ajiyar makamashin batirin lithium da ke yankin kasuwanci na Nilmore, na kasar Jamus, lamarin da ya yi sanadin jikkatar ma'aikatan kashe gobara biyu yayin aikin ceto.
Rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai da suka dace sun nuna cewa, wanda ya kera na’urar adana makamashin batir da ya fashe a wannan karon, kamfanin INTILION ne na kasar Jamus, kuma kwayoyin batirin batirin lithium iron phosphate ne.
A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, ajiyar batirin California ya zama mafi girman tushen wutar lantarki guda ɗaya don grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta California a lokacin sa'o'i mafi girma na yamma a karon farko a tsarin wutar lantarki na duniya.Matsayin ajiyar makamashi a cikin daidaita hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki ana danganta shi da gagarumin bambanci a farashin wutar lantarki kololuwa da kwari a kasuwar wutar lantarki ta California, wanda ke ba da babbar fa'ida don ajiyar makamashi.
Daga “yawan dukiya da wadata” zuwa “masifu da ke faɗowa daga sama”, manyan masana’antun sarrafa makamashi guda biyu sun kama wuta ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin wata ɗaya.Ba za a iya yin watsi da batutuwan aminci na ajiyar makamashi, wanda shine hanyar tseren dala tiriliyan ba!
Wu Kai, babban masanin kimiyar CATL, ya taba bayyana cewa, a matsayin masana'antar samar da ababen more rayuwa mai mahimmanci da ta shafi kiyaye rayuka da kadarori gami da kiyaye tsarin aikin wutar lantarki, gwaji da kuskuren kudin ajiyar makamashi yana da yawa;Ba za mu iya bin tsohuwar hanyar bin saurin gudu ba da farko sannan kuma inganci.Dole ne mu yi riko da amintacce, mai dorewa, da ingantaccen ci gaban masana'antar ajiyar makamashi tun daga farko.
Bayanan jama'a sun nuna cewa al'amuran tsaro sun kasance daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaba da ajiyar makamashi, hanyar dala tiriliyan.A halin yanzu batirin lithium daya ne daga cikin fasahar adana makamashin batir da aka fi amfani da shi, amma saboda kasancewar electrolyte na batirin lithium galibin abubuwan da ake kashewa ne, kuma babu makawa akwai ’yan kazanta kamar kura da ke iya cutar da na’urar cikin sauki a lokacin masana’anta. tsari, gudun hijira na thermal yana da wuyar faruwa, yana haifar da gajerun hanyoyin ciki, wanda ke haifar da jerin matsaloli kamar wuta, fashewar baturi, gurɓataccen muhalli, da katsewar samar da makamashi.
Daga hangen kayan, ingantaccen kayan lantarki na batura na ternary shine gabaɗaya canjin ƙarfe oxides.Da zarar tabbataccen lantarki ya bazu, zai kasance tare da sakin iskar oxygen.Karkashin aikin iskar oxygen, electrolyte yana da saurin amsawa, wanda ke ƙaruwa da haɗarin thermal runaway na baturi idan aka kwatanta da kayan phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe.
A zamanin farko, kamfanonin batir na Japan da na Koriya sun fi amfani da batura na uku, yayin da kamfanonin batir na kasar Sin suka fi amfani da batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate mai inganci.Tare da yawaitar afkuwar hadurran aminci kamar gobarar ajiyar batir ta ternary, ƙarin kamfanonin Japan da Koriya suna amfani da batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe.
Dangane da girman jigilar kayayyaki, adadin batirin da kasar Sin ta aika da makamashi a duniya ya zarce kashi 90%.Bisa labarin da aka bayar, an ce, "White Paper kan bunkasa masana'antar adana makamashi ta kasar Sin (2024)" tare da hadin gwiwar cibiyoyin bincike EVTank, Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Ivy, da Cibiyar Nazarin Batir ta kasar Sin, yawan jigilar batura na makamashi ya kai 224.2 GWh a shekarar 2023. , karuwa a kowace shekara da kashi 40.7%.Daga cikin su, yawan batura na ajiyar makamashi daga kamfanonin kasar Sin ya kai 203.8 GWh, wanda ya kai kashi 90.9% na adadin batirin ajiyar makamashi a duniya.
Wani saitin bayanai daga Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa ya kuma nuna cewa ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2023, karfin da aka sanya na sabbin na'urorin adana makamashin da ke aiki a fadin kasar ya kai kilowatt miliyan 31.39.Daga cikin su, sabon ikon da aka girka na sabbin makamashi a shekarar 2023 ya kai kilowatt miliyan 22.6, wanda ya ninka adadin shekarun baya da ya ninka sau 2.6.Ya zuwa karshen rubu'in farko na wannan shekara, yawan karfin da aka girka na sabbin ayyukan ajiyar makamashi da aka gina tare da fara aiki a kasar Sin ya kai kilowatt miliyan 35.3/77.68, wanda ya karu da sama da kashi 210 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata. karshen farkon kwata na 2023.
Duk da cewa sabon nau'in ajiyar makamashi ya kunshi fasahohi daban-daban kamar baturan lithium, batura masu gudana, tashi sama, damtse iska, ma'ajiyar makamashin hydrogen (ammonia), ma'ajiyar makamashi ta thermal (sanyi) da sauransu, baturan lithium har yanzu suna mamaye da su a halin yanzu.
Sabili da haka, yayin da masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ke bunkasa cikin sauri, kasar Sin tana mai da hankali sosai kan tsaron masana'antu.
A cikin Yuli 2023, an fara aiwatar da ma'auni na ƙasa "Dokokin Tsaro don Tashoshin Wutar Lantarki na Makamashi na Electrochemical".Wannan sabon ma'auni na kasa don amincin ajiyar makamashi yana aiki ne ga baturan lithium-ion, baturan gubar-acid (carbon), batura masu gudana, da tashoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa na hydrogen/man fetur.Wannan ma'aunin yana ƙayyadad da buƙatun fasaha na aminci, aiki, kulawa, dubawa, gwaji, da sauran nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban kamar su wutar lantarki ta wutar lantarki ta makamashin lantarki, BMS, PCS, saka idanu, kariya ta wuta, iska mai dumama da tsarin kwandishan, wanda aka riga aka tsara. cabins, etc.
A cikin Nuwamba 2023, Ma'aikatar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa ta ba da sanarwa game da ƙarfafa haɗarin haɗarin tsaro na tashoshin wutar lantarki na makamashin lantarki a gefen grid ɗin wutar lantarki, yana ba da shawara don haɓaka ikon sa ido kan haɗarin aiki da bincike da wuri. gargadi.Kamfanonin wutar lantarki ya kamata su saka idanu da sarrafa matsayin aminci na fakitin tashar wutar lantarki ta lantarki, tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS), tsarin sarrafa makamashi (EMS), masu sauya makamashi (PCS), tsarin kariyar wuta, tsaro na cibiyar sadarwa, yanayin aiki, da sauran muhimman kayan lantarki da kamfanoninsu suka zuba jari da sarrafa su.Ya kamata su yi nazari akai-akai game da yanayin aiki na aminci, ƙarfafa gargaɗin haɗari na aiki da amsa gaggawa, kuma su iya yin gargaɗin akan lokaci da ɗaukar ingantattun matakai don kawar da haɗarin aminci ga kayan aiki da tsarin da ke da haɗarin aminci.Ya kamata dukkan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki su kammala aikin sa ido kafin ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2024, kuma duk sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki da na yanzu yakamata a sanya su cikin iyakokin sa ido bayan 2025.
A halin yanzu, baya ga batutuwan tsaro, yakin farashin a fagen batir ajiyar makamashi yana ci gaba da yaduwa.Tun daga rabin na biyu na 2023, farashin batirin ajiyar makamashi ya ci gaba da raguwa akai-akai, tare da kamfanoni da yawa waɗanda ke ba da ƙwayoyin ajiyar makamashin da farashinsa ƙasa da yuan 0.4 / Wh.
A ranar 14 ga Mayu, Kamfanin Mai na China Petroleum Group Jichai Power Co., Ltd. ya ba da sanarwar bayar da sanarwar yarjejeniyar tsarin na'urorin lantarki na tsarin sanyaya ruwa mai karfin 5MWh.Kwayoyin baturi na aikin suna amfani da batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe, tare da iyakar ƙimar 0.33 yuan/Wh.A cikin tayin aikin ajiyar makamashi na Jichai Power a karshen watan Fabrairu, iyakar farashin sel batir ya kai yuan 0.45/Wh.
Kwanan nan, lokacin da ake hulɗa da masu zuba jari, Yiwei Lithium Energy ya bayyana cewa abokan ciniki za su yi la'akari da kayayyakin batir ajiyar makamashi daga nau'o'i da yawa: na farko, alamar;Na biyu shine ingancin samfur, gami da aikin samfur da aikin aminci;Na uku shine garantin tallace-tallace.A gefe guda, yana la'akari da ikon sabis na bayan-tallace-tallace na kamfanin, a gefe guda kuma, yana la'akari da ko kasuwancin yana da ikon ci gaba mai dorewa na dogon lokaci.Kayayyakin ajiyar makamashi suna da tsawon rayuwa, kuma kamfanonin da ke samar da batir ajiyar makamashi za su iya ba da tallafin bayan-tallace-tallace ga samfuransu idan suna da tsawon rayuwar rayuwa;Girman ƙarshe shine farashin samfur.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-01-2024