A matsayinsa na “superstar” na sarkar masana’antar batirin lithium tun daga 2021, farashin lithium carbonate ya tashi sosai a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.Ya taba kai kololuwa kuma ya nufi farashin yuan 600,000/ton.Bukatar a farkon rabin shekarar 2023 shi ma A lokacin tudun mun tsira, ya fadi zuwa yuan 170,000/ton.A lokaci guda kuma, yayin da ake gab da ƙaddamar da makomar lithium carbonate na gaba, SMM za ta ba wa masu karatu cikakken nazari kan sarkar masana'antar lithium, ƙarshen albarkatu, ƙarshen narkewa, ƙarshen buƙatu, samarwa da tsarin buƙatu, tsari na sa hannu da tsarin farashi. a cikin wannan labarin.
Bayanin sarkar masana'antar lithium:
A matsayin sinadari na ƙarfe tare da mafi ƙarancin nauyin atomic, lithium yana da babban caji mai yawa da barga mai nau'in helium mai ƙarfi biyu na lantarki.Yana da aiki mai ƙarfi na electrochemical kuma yana iya amsawa tare da wasu kayan don samar da mahadi daban-daban.Yana da kyakkyawan abu don kera batura.Mafi kyawun zaɓi.A cikin sarkar masana'antar lithium, babban rafi ya haɗa da albarkatun ma'adinai na lithium kamar spodumene, lepidolite, da brine tabkin gishiri.Bayan an fitar da albarkatun lithium, ana iya sarrafa su a kowace hanyar haɗin gwiwa don samar da salts na farko na lithium, gishirin lithium na sakandare/ma yawa, Lithium ƙarfe da sauran nau'ikan samfuran.Kayayyakin da ke matakin sarrafawa na farko sun haɗa da gishirin lithium na farko kamar lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, da lithium chloride;ƙarin aiki na iya samar da na biyu ko samfuran lithium masu yawa kamar lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, da ƙarfe lithium.Ana iya amfani da samfuran lithium daban-daban a cikin filayen da suka kunno kai kamar batirin lithium, tukwane, gilashi, gami, maiko, firiji, magunguna, masana'antar nukiliya da optoelectronics.
Ƙarshen albarkatun lithium:
Daga mahangar nau'ikan albarkatun lithium, ana iya raba shi zuwa manyan layi biyu: kayan farko da kayan da aka sake sarrafa su.Daga cikin su, albarkatun lithium na albarkatun kasa sun kasance a cikin tafkin gishiri brine, spodumene da lepidolite.Abubuwan da aka sake fa'ida galibi suna samun albarkatun lithium ta hanyar batir lithium da suka yi ritaya da sake amfani da su.
An fara daga hanyar albarkatun ƙasa, yawan rarraba albarkatun albarkatun lithium gabaɗaya ya yi yawa.Dangane da sabon bayanan da USGS ta fitar, albarkatun lithium na duniya sun tanadi jimillar tan miliyan 22 na ƙarfe na lithium daidai.Daga cikin su, kasashe biyar da ke kan gaba a cikin albarkatun lithium a duniya, sun hada da Chile, da Australia, da Argentina, da Sin, da kuma Amurka, wadanda suka kai kashi 87 cikin dari, kuma asusun ajiyar kasar Sin ya kai kashi 7%.
Ƙarin rarraba nau'ikan albarkatun, tabkunan gishiri a halin yanzu sune tushen tushen albarkatun lithium a duniya, galibi ana rarraba su a Chile, Argentina, China da sauran wurare;Ana rarraba ma'adinan spodumene a Ostiraliya, Kanada, Amurka, China da sauran wurare, kuma yawan rarraba albarkatu yana da ƙasa da tafkin gishiri kuma shine nau'in albarkatun tare da mafi girman matakin hakar lithium na kasuwanci a halin yanzu;Rijistar albarkatun lepidolite kadan ne kuma an tattara su a Jiangxi, China.
Idan aka yi la’akari da yadda ake fitar da albarkatun lithium, jimillar albarkatun lithium na duniya a shekarar 2022 zai zama tan 840,000 na LCE.Ana sa ran samun ci gaban da aka samu na shekara-shekara na kashi 21% daga shekarar 2023 zuwa 2026, wanda zai kai tan miliyan 2.56 na LCE a shekarar 2026. babban matakin maida hankali.
Dangane da nau'in albarkatun kasa, pyroxene zai kasance mafi girman nau'in albarkatun kasa a nan gaba.Tafkin Gishiri shine nau'in nau'in albarkatun kasa mafi girma na biyu, kuma mica har yanzu zata taka rawar gani.Ya kamata a lura da cewa za a yi guguwar zazzagewa bayan shekara ta 2022. Saurin haɓakar sharar da ake samarwa da kuma kawar da sharar gida, da kuma nasarorin da aka samu wajen sake amfani da fasahar hakar lithium, za su haɓaka saurin haɓakar sake sarrafa lithium.Ana sa ran kayan da aka sake yin fa'ida za su kai kashi 8% a shekarar 2026. Yawan wadatar albarkatun lithium.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Ƙarshen smelting na lithium:
Kasar Sin ita ce kasar da ta fi kowacce kasa yawan aikin narkewar lithium a duniya.Idan aka yi la'akari da larduna, wuraren samar da sinadarin lithium carbonate na kasar Sin galibi sun dogara ne kan yadda ake rarraba albarkatun kasa da narkar da masana'antu.Manyan lardunan da ake samar da su sune Jiangxi, Sichuan da Qinghai.Jiangxi shi ne lardin da ke da mafi girman rabon albarkatun lepidolite a kasar Sin, kuma yana da karfin samar da sanannun kamfanoni masu narkewa irin su Ganfeng Lithium Industry, wadanda ke samar da sinadarin lithium carbonate da lithium hydroxide ta hanyar spodumene da ake shigo da su;Sichuan shi ne lardin da ke da mafi girman rarraba albarkatun pyroxene a kasar Sin, kuma shi ne ke da alhakin samar da sinadarin hydroxide.Cibiyar samar da lithium.Qinghai ita ce lardin da ake hakar lithium tafkin gishiri mafi girma a kasar Sin.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Dangane da kamfanoni, dangane da lithium carbonate, jimillar fitarwa a cikin 2022 zai zama ton 350,000, wanda kamfanonin CR10 ke da jimlar 69%, kuma tsarin samarwa ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai.Daga cikin su, masana'antar Lithium ta Jiangxi Zhicun tana da mafi girman kayan da ake samarwa, wanda ya kai kashi 9% na abin da take fitarwa.Babu cikakken jagora mai cin gashin kansa a cikin masana'antar.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Dangane da lithium hydroxide, jimillar fitarwa a cikin 2022 zai zama ton 243,000, wanda kamfanonin CR10 ke lissafin kusan 74%, kuma tsarin samarwa ya fi mai da hankali fiye da na lithium carbonate.Daga cikin su, Ganfeng Lithium Industry, kamfanin da mafi girma fitarwa, lissafin kashi 24% na jimlar fitarwa, kuma babban sakamako a bayyane yake.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Lithium bukatar bangaren:
Ana iya raba buƙatar amfani da lithium zuwa manyan sassa biyu: masana'antar batirin lithium da masana'antu na gargajiya.Tare da haɓakar haɓakar wutar lantarki da buƙatun kasuwar ajiyar makamashi a gida da waje, adadin buƙatun batirin lithium gabaɗayan amfani da lithium yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.Dangane da kididdigar SMM, tsakanin 2016 da 2022, adadin yawan amfani da carbonate na lithium a filin baturin lithium ya karu daga 78% zuwa 93%, yayin da lithium hydroxide ya yi tsalle daga kasa da 1% zuwa kusan 95%+.Ta fuskar kasuwa, jimlar buƙatu a cikin masana'antar batir lithium galibi manyan kasuwanni uku ne ke tafiyar da wutar lantarki, ajiyar makamashi da amfani:
Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki: Ta hanyar manufofin wutar lantarki ta duniya, canjin kamfanin mota da buƙatun kasuwa, buƙatar kasuwar wutar lantarki za ta sami ci gaba mai fashewa a cikin 2021-2022, yin lissafin cikakken rinjaye a cikin buƙatun batirin lithium, kuma ana tsammanin zai kiyaye ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin dogon lokaci..
Kasuwancin ajiyar makamashi: Karkashin tasirin abubuwa kamar rikicin makamashi da manufofin kasa, manyan kasuwanni uku na Sin, Turai, da Amurka za su yi aiki tare kuma za su zama matsayi na biyu mafi girma na ci gaban buƙatun batirin lithium.
Kasuwar masu amfani: Gabaɗaya kasuwa tana zama cikakke, kuma ana tsammanin ƙimar ci gaban dogon lokaci zai yi ƙasa.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Gabaɗaya, buƙatun batirin lithium zai ƙaru da kashi 52% kowace shekara a cikin 2022, kuma zai ƙaru a hankali a cikin adadin haɓakar shekara-shekara na 35% daga 2022 zuwa 2026, wanda zai ƙara haɓaka rabon masana'antar batirin lithium na buƙatar lithium. .Dangane da aikace-aikace daban-daban, kasuwar ajiyar makamashi tana da mafi girman ƙimar girma.Kasuwar wutar lantarki na ci gaba da bunkasa yayin da sabbin motocin makamashin duniya ke ci gaba da bunkasa.Kasuwancin mabukaci ya dogara ne akan haɓakar motocin masu ƙafa biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki da sabbin kayan masarufi kamar drones, sigari, da na'urori masu sawa.Matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara shine kawai 8%.
Daga mahangar kamfanonin mabukaci kai tsaye na gishirin lithium, dangane da lithium carbonate, jimillar buƙatu a cikin 2022 zai zama ton 510,000.Kamfanonin mabukaci sun fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin kamfanonin kayan abinci na lithium iron phosphate cathode da matsakaici da ƙananan nickel ternary cathode material, kuma kamfanoni na ƙasa sun fi mayar da hankali ga amfani.Matsayin yana da ƙasa, wanda CR12 ke lissafin 44%, wanda ke da tasiri mai ƙarfi mai tsayi mai tsayi da ƙirar tarwatsewa.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Dangane da lithium hydroxide, jimlar amfani a cikin 2022 zai zama ton 140,000.Ƙaddamar da kamfanonin mabukaci na ƙasa yana da girma fiye da na lithium carbonate.CR10 yana lissafin 87%.Tsarin yana da ɗan daidaitawa.A nan gaba, kamar yadda kamfanoni daban-daban na ternary cathode za su ci gaba Tare da babban nickelization, ana sa ran maida hankali kan masana'antu zai ragu.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Samar da albarkatun Lithium da tsarin buƙatu:
Daga cikakkiyar hangen nesa na wadata da buƙatu, a zahiri lithium ya kammala zagayowar tsakanin 2015 da 2019. Daga 2015 zuwa 2017, sabon buƙatun makamashi ya sami ci gaba cikin sauri ta hanyar tallafin jihohi.Koyaya, haɓakar albarkatun lithium bai kai buƙatu da sauri ba, wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wadata da buƙata.Koyaya, bayan tallafin da jihar ke bayarwa a shekarar 2019, buƙatun tashar ya ragu cikin sauri, amma farkon saka hannun jarin ayyukan albarkatun Lithium a hankali ya kai ƙarfin samarwa, kuma lithium a hukumance ya shiga yanayin rarar kuɗi.A cikin wannan lokacin, yawancin kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai sun bayyana fatara, kuma masana'antar ta haifar da wani zagaye na sake fasalin.
Wannan zagayen masana'antu yana farawa a ƙarshen 2020:
2021-2022: Buƙatun ƙarshen yana fashe cikin sauri, yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa tare da wadatar albarkatun lithium na sama.Daga shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022, wasu ayyukan hakar ma'adinan lithium da aka dakatar a zagayen rarar rarar kudin da suka gabata za a sake farawa daya bayan daya, amma har yanzu akwai karanci mai yawa.A lokaci guda, wannan lokacin kuma ya kasance matakin da farashin lithium ya tashi cikin sauri.
2023-2024: Ci gaba da ayyukan samarwa + sabbin ayyukan da aka gina a cikin lambun lambun ana sa ran za su kai ga samarwa a jere tsakanin 2023 da 2024. Yawan ci gaban sabon buƙatun makamashi ba shi da sauri kamar yadda yake a farkon matakin fashewa, da kuma matakin digiri. rarar albarkatun zai kai kololuwar sa a shekarar 2024.
2025-2026: Yawan haɓaka albarkatun lithium na sama na iya raguwa saboda ci gaba da ragi.Wurin ajiyar makamashi zai tafiyar da bangaren buƙatu, kuma za a rage rarar da ake samu yadda ya kamata.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Halin sa hannun gishirin lithium da tsarin daidaitawa
Hanyoyin sa hannu na oda na gishirin lithium sun haɗa da oda na dogon lokaci da odar sifili.Ana iya bayyana odar sifili azaman ciniki mai sassauƙa.Bangarorin ciniki ba su yarda da samfuran ciniki, adadi, da hanyoyin farashi a cikin wani ɗan lokaci ba, kuma suna fahimtar fa'idodi masu zaman kansu;Daga cikinsu, ana iya ƙara yin umarni na dogon lokaci zuwa kashi uku:
Ƙimar kulle ƙarar ƙira: Ƙarar wadata da hanyar farashin sasantawa an amince da su a gaba.Farashin sasantawa zai dogara ne akan matsakaicin farashin (SMM) na kowane wata na dandamali na ɓangare na uku, wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar daidaitawa, don cimma daidaito na tushen kasuwa tare da matsakaicin sassauci.
Kulle ƙarar da kulle farashin: An yarda da ƙarar samarwa da farashin sasantawa a gaba, kuma an daidaita farashin sasantawa a cikin sake zagayowar sulhu na gaba.Da zarar an kulle farashin, ba za a canza shi ba a nan gaba / bayan an kunna tsarin daidaitawa, mai siye da mai siyarwa za su sake yarda da ƙayyadaddun farashin, wanda ke da ƙananan sassauci.
Makulle adadin kawai: kawai samar da yarjejeniya ta baki/rubutu akan adadin wadata, amma babu wata yarjejeniya ta gaba akan hanyar daidaita farashin kayayyaki, wanda ke da sassauƙa sosai.
Tsakanin 2021 da 2022, saboda hauhawar farashin farashi, tsarin sa hannu da tsarin farashi na gishirin lithium suma suna canzawa a hankali.Dangane da hanyoyin sanya hannu kan kwangila, a cikin 2022, kashi 40% na kamfanoni za su yi amfani da tsarin farashi wanda kawai ke kulle girma, musamman saboda wadatar da ke cikin kasuwar lithium yana da tsauri kuma farashin yana da yawa.Don kare riba, kamfanoni masu narkewa a sama za su yi amfani da hanyar kulle girma amma ba farashi ba;a nan gaba, Duba, yayin da wadata da buƙatu suka dawo zuwa hankali, masu saye da masu sayarwa sun zama babban buƙatun samarwa da daidaiton farashi.Ana sa ran rabon ƙarar kulle-kulle na dogon lokaci da kulle dabara (wanda aka danganta da farashin SMM lithium gishiri don cimma alaƙar dabara) zai ƙaru.
Ta fuskar masu siyan gishirin lithium, baya ga sayayya kai tsaye da kamfanonin kayan ke yi, karuwar masu siyan gishirin lithium daga kamfanonin tasha (batir, kamfanonin mota, da sauran kamfanonin hakar karafa) ya wadatar da nau’in kamfanonin saye gaba daya.Idan akai la'akari da cewa sabbin 'yan wasa dole ne suyi la'akari da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na masana'antar da kuma sanin farashin manyan karafa ana tsammanin zai yi tasiri ga tsarin farashin masana'antar.Matsakaicin samfurin farashi na dabarar kulle ƙarar ƙarar don umarni na dogon lokaci ya ƙaru.
Duk game da lithium!Cikakken bayyani na sarkar masana'antar lithium
Daga mahangar gabaɗaya, don sarkar masana'antar lithium, farashin gishirin lithium ya zama cibiyar farashi na dukkan sarkar masana'antu, yana haɓaka saurin watsa farashi da farashi tsakanin hanyoyin haɗin masana'antu daban-daban.Duba shi a cikin sassan:
Lithium Ore – Lithium Gishiri: Dangane da farashin gishirin lithium, ana siyar da taman lithium mai iyo ta hanyar raba riba.
Precursor – mahaɗin cathode: Sanya farashin gishirin lithium da sauran gishirin ƙarfe, da ninka shi tare da amfani da naúrar da ƙimar ragi don cimma sabbin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.
Ingantacciyar wutar lantarki – cell ɗin baturi: tana daidaita farashin gishirin ƙarfe kuma yana ninka shi tare da amfani da naúrar da ƙimar ragi don cimma sabbin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.
Kwayoyin baturi - OEM / mai haɗawa: Rarrabe farashin cathode / gishiri lithium (gishiri na lithium yana daya daga cikin manyan albarkatun kasa a cikin cathode).Sauran manyan kayan aiki suna ɗaukar ƙayyadadden hanyar farashi.Dangane da canjin farashin gishirin lithium, an sanya hannu kan tsarin biyan diyya., don cimma daidaiton haɗin gwiwar farashin.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-06-2023