Sakamakon rikicin makamashi na Turai da manufofin cikin gida na wajabta rarrabawa da adanawa, masana'antar ajiyar makamashi tana ta haɓaka tun 2022, kuma ta zama mafi shahara a wannan shekara, ta zama tabbataccen "waƙar tauraro."Fuskantar irin wannan yanayin, babban adadin kamfanoni da jari-hujja a dabi'a suna gaggawar shiga, suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da damar a cikin saurin ci gaban masana'antar.
Duk da haka, ci gaban masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ba ta da kyau kamar yadda ake tsammani.Shekaru biyu kacal ya ɗauki daga “dubawar masana’antu” zuwa “matakin yaƙi”, kuma yanayin masana’antar ya isa cikin ƙiftawar ido.
A bayyane yake cewa zagayowar ci gaban dabbanci na masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta wuce, ba makawa yin babban sauyi, kuma yanayin gasar kasuwa yana kara zama rashin abokantaka ga kamfanoni masu raunin fasaha, gajeriyar lokacin kafawa, da kananan ma'auni na kamfanoni.
A cikin gaggawa, wa zai ɗauki alhakin amincin ajiyar makamashi?
A matsayin maɓalli na tallafi don gina sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, ajiyar makamashi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ajiyar makamashi da daidaitawa, aika grid, amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa da sauran fannoni.Don haka, shaharar hanyar ajiyar makamashi tana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da buƙatun kasuwa da manufofi ke motsawa.Muhimmanci sosai.
Kamar yadda kasuwar gaba daya ta yi karanci, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanonin batir da suka kafa da suka hada da CATL, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy, da dai sauransu, da kuma sabbin rundunonin ajiyar makamashi kamar Haichen Energy Storage da Chuneng New Energy sun fara mai da hankali kan makamashi. ajiya batura.Babban faɗaɗa samarwa ya haɓaka sha'awar saka hannun jari a filin ajiyar makamashi.Koyaya, tunda manyan kamfanonin batir sun kammala babban tsarin ƙarfin samar da su a lokacin 2021-2022, daga hangen nesa na kamfanonin saka hannun jari gabaɗaya, manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke saka hannun jari a haɓaka samarwa a wannan shekara galibi sune kamfanonin batir na biyu da na uku waɗanda ke da. har yanzu ba a aiwatar da shimfidar iya aiki ba, da kuma sabbin masu shiga.
ajiyar makamashi, sabon makamashi, baturin lithium
Tare da saurin haɓaka masana'antar ajiyar makamashi, batir ajiyar makamashi suna zama "dole ne gasa" ga kamfanoni daban-daban.Bisa bayanan da aka samu daga "Fara Takarda kan Ci gaban Masana'antar Batir Ajiye Makamashi na kasar Sin (2023)" tare da hadin gwiwar cibiyoyin bincike EVTank, Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Ivey da Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antar Batir ta Sin, a farkon rabin shekarar 2023, batirin ajiyar makamashi na duniya ya nuna. jigilar kayayyaki ya kai 110.2GWh, wanda ya karu da kashi 73.4 cikin dari a duk shekara, kuma yawan batir din da kasar Sin ta aika da makamashin makamashi ya kai 101.4GWh, wanda ya kai kashi 92% na jigilar batirin makamashi a duniya.
Tare da ɗimbin fa'idodi da fa'idodi da yawa na waƙar ajiyar makamashi, ƙarin sabbin 'yan wasa suna ta kwarara, kuma adadin sabbin 'yan wasa yana da ban mamaki.Dangane da bayanan Qichacha, kafin shekarar 2022, adadin sabbin kamfanoni da aka kafa a masana'antar ajiyar makamashi bai taba wuce 10,000 ba.A shekarar 2022, sabbin kamfanoni da aka kafa za su kai 38,000, kuma za a samu karin sabbin kamfanoni da aka kafa a bana, kuma shahararriyar ta bayyana.Tabo.
Saboda haka, bisa ga kwararowar kamfanonin ajiyar makamashi da kuma allurar jari mai karfi, albarkatun masana'antu suna ta kwarara a cikin hanyar batir, kuma lamarin wuce gona da iri ya kara fitowa fili.Yana da kyau a lura cewa akwai mabiya da yawa a cikin sabbin ayyukan saka hannun jari, suna iƙirarin cewa kowane kamfani yana da ƙarfin samarwa fiye da ɗayan.Da zarar alakar wadata da bukatu ta koma baya, shin za a yi babban sauyi?
Masu lura da masana'antu sun ce babban dalilin wannan zagaye na bunƙasa shimfidar tanadin makamashi shi ne hasashen da ake sa ran kasuwa a nan gaba na ajiyar makamashi ya yi yawa.Sakamakon haka, wasu kamfanoni sun zaɓi saka hannun jari don haɓaka iya aiki da haɓaka kan iyaka bayan ganin rawar da ke tattare da ajiyar makamashi a cikin manufofin carbon dual.Masana’antar ta shiga masana’antar, kuma wadanda ba su da alaka da su, duk sun tsunduma cikin harkar adana makamashi.Yin shi da kyau ko a'a za a fara yi.Sakamakon haka, masana'antar tana cike da hargitsi kuma haɗarin aminci sun shahara.
Cibiyar sadarwar batir ta lura cewa kwanan nan, aikin ajiyar makamashi na Tesla a Australia ya sake kama wuta bayan shekaru biyu.A cewar labarai, daya daga cikin manyan fakitin baturi 40 a aikin baturin Bouldercombe da ke Rockhampton ya kama wuta.A karkashin kulawar ma'aikatan kashe gobara, an ba da damar fakitin batir su ƙone.An fahimci cewa a ƙarshen Yuli 2021, wani aikin ajiyar makamashi a Ostiraliya ta hanyar amfani da tsarin Megapack na Tesla shi ma ya sami gobara, kuma wutar ta ɗauki kwanaki da yawa kafin a kashe ta.
Baya ga gobara a manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki, hatsarurrukan ajiyar makamashin gida kuma sun sha faruwa akai-akai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Gabaɗaya, yawan hatsarurrukan ajiyar makamashi a gida da waje har yanzu yana kan wani babban mataki.Abubuwan da ke haifar da hadurra galibi batura ne ke haifar da su, musamman idan aka sanya su aiki.Tsarin ajiyar makamashi shekaru bayan haka.Haka kuma, wasu daga cikin batura da aka yi amfani da su wajen ayyukan ajiyar makamashi da suka fuskanci hadurra a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun fito ne daga manyan kamfanonin batir.Ana iya ganin cewa ko da manyan kamfanoni masu zurfin gogewa ba za su iya tabbatar da cewa ba za a sami matsala ba, balle wasu sabbin kamfanoni da ke shiga kasuwa.
Wu Kai, babban masanin kimiyyar CATL
Tushen hoto: CATL
Kwanan nan, Wu Kai, babban masanin kimiyya na CATL, ya ce a cikin wani jawabi da ya yi a kasashen waje, "Sabuwar masana'antar ajiyar makamashi tana bunkasa cikin sauri kuma tana zama sabon sandar ci gaba.A shekarun baya-bayan nan, ba wai masu kera batir masu amfani da na’urar ba ne kawai suka fara kera batir na ajiyar makamashi, har ma wasu masana’antu irin su gidaje sun fara kera batir na ajiyar makamashi.”, kayan gida, tufafi, abinci, da dai sauransu duk suna ajiyar makamashin kan iyaka.Abu ne mai kyau ga masana'antar ta bunkasa, amma kuma dole ne mu ga hadarin da ke tattare da yin gaggawar zuwa sama."
Sakamakon shigowar ’yan wasan kan iyaka da yawa, wasu kamfanonin da ba su da fasahar fasaha da kera kayayyaki a farashi mai rahusa, wataƙila za su iya samar da ajiyar makamashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma mai yiwuwa ma ba za su iya yin aikin bayan gida ba.Da zarar wani mummunan hatsari ya faru, ana iya shafar duk masana'antar ajiyar makamashi.Ci gaban masana'antu ya ragu sosai.
A ra'ayin Wu Kai, ba za a iya samar da sabbin makamashin makamashi ba bisa ga ribar wucin gadi amma dole ne ya zama mafita na dogon lokaci.
Misali, a wannan shekara, kamfanoni da yawa da aka jera sun “mutu” a cikin ci gaban batir ɗin ajiyar makamashin da suke kan iyaka, gami da wasu kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu, waɗanda ba sa samun sauƙi.Idan waɗannan kamfanoni sannu a hankali sun janye daga kasuwa kuma sun shigar da kayan ajiyar makamashi, wa zai sami matsalolin tsaro?Ku zo ku fadi gaskiya?
Juyin farashi, ta yaya za a kula da yanayin masana'antu?
Daga zamanin d ¯ a zuwa yau, daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da juyin juya halin masana'antu shine "yakin farashin".Wannan gaskiya ne, ko wace sana’a ce, muddin tana da arha, za a samu kasuwa.Sabili da haka, yakin farashin a cikin masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ya tsananta tun a wannan shekara, tare da kamfanoni da yawa suna ƙoƙarin karɓar umarni ko da a cikin asara, suna mai da hankali kan dabarun farashi.
Cibiyar sadarwar batir ta lura cewa tun shekarar da ta gabata, farashin farashi na tsarin ajiyar makamashi ya ci gaba da faduwa.Sanarwar da aka fitar ta nuna cewa, a farkon shekarar 2022, farashin koli na tsarin ajiyar makamashi ya kai yuan 1.72/Wh, kuma ya ragu zuwa kusan yuan 1.5/Wh a karshen shekara.A cikin 2023, zai faɗi wata-wata.
An fahimci cewa kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta cikin gida tana ba da mahimmanci ga ayyukan kamfanoni, don haka wasu kamfanoni za su gwammace farashin kusa da farashin farashi, ko ƙasa da farashin farashi don kama oda, in ba haka ba ba za su sami wata fa'ida a cikin kasuwancin ba. daga baya tsarin yin takara.Misali, a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashin batirin lithium iron phosphate na makamashin makamashi na kasar Sin na shekarar 2023 ya daidaita aikin samar da makamashi, BYD ya nakalto mafi karancin farashin yuan/Wh 0.996 da 0.886 yuan/Wh a cikin 0.5C da 0.25C bi da bi.
Wasu manazarta sun yi imanin cewa dalilin bayar da mafi ƙarancin farashi na iya kasancewa cewa a baya da BYD ya fi mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin ajiyar makamashi ya kasance a ƙasashen waje.Farashin farashi mai rahusa sigina ce ga BYD don shiga kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta cikin gida.
Bisa rahoton binciken da aka yi kan harkokin tsaro na kasar Sin, yawan ayyukan da aka yi a cikin gida na adana makamashin makamashin lithium a watan Oktoban bana ya kai megawatt 1,127.Ayyukan da suka ci nasara sun fi mayar da hankali ne akan saye da ayyukan ajiyar makamashi da manyan kamfanonin makamashi suka yi, sannan akwai wasu tsirarun ayyukan rarraba iska da hasken rana da kuma adanawa.Daga Janairu zuwa Oktoba, ma'aunin tsarin ajiyar batirin lithium na cikin gida wanda ya ci nasara ya kai 29.6GWh.Matsakaicin matsakaicin nasara mai nauyi na tsarin ajiyar makamashi na sa'o'i 2 a watan Oktoba ya kasance yuan/Wh 0.87, wanda ya kasance 0.08 yuan/W ƙasa da matsakaicin farashi a watan Satumba.
Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa kwanan nan, Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Jiha ta buɗe ƙorafin siyan siyan tsarin adana makamashi ta e-kasuwanci a shekarar 2023. Jimillar sikelin saye da sayarwar ya kai 5.2GWh, gami da tsarin ajiyar makamashin ƙarfe na ƙarfe 4.2GWh na lithium iron phosphate da 1GWh kwarara batir tsarin ajiya makamashi..Daga cikin su, a cikin ƙididdiga na tsarin 0.5C, mafi ƙarancin farashi ya kai 0.644 yuan / Wh.
Bugu da kari, farashin batirin ajiyar makamashi yana faduwa akai-akai.Dangane da sabon halin da ake ciki na siyarwa, matsakaicin farashin siye na sel ajiyar makamashi ya kai 0.3-0.5 yuan/Wh.Halin ya kasance kamar yadda Dai Deming, shugaban Chuneng New Energy, ya fada a baya An ce a karshen wannan shekara, za a sayar da batura na ajiyar makamashi a kan farashin da bai wuce yuan 0.5 / Wh ba.
Daga mahangar sarkar masana'antu, akwai dalilai da yawa na yakin farashin a cikin masana'antar ajiyar makamashi.Na farko, manyan kamfanoni sun fadada samar da kayayyaki sosai kuma sabbin ’yan wasa sun yi tsalle-tsalle masu yawa, wanda ya rikitar da yanayin gasa kuma ya sa kamfanoni suka kwace kasuwa a farashi mai rahusa;na biyu, fasaha Ci gaba da ci gaba zai inganta rage farashin batir ajiyar makamashi;na uku, farashin albarkatun kasa yana jujjuyawa da faɗuwa, haka nan gabaɗayan rage farashin masana'antar ma wani sakamako ne da ba makawa.
Bugu da kari, tun daga rabin na biyu na wannan shekara, odar tanadin gidaje a ketare ya fara raguwa, musamman a Turai.Wani bangare na dalilin ya zo ne daga gaskiyar cewa gabaɗayan farashin makamashi a Turai ya ragu zuwa matakin kafin rikicin Rasha da Ukraine.Bugu da kari, karamar hukumar ta bullo da tsare-tsare don daidaita wutar lantarki, don haka sanyaya wutar lantarki wani lamari ne na al'ada.A baya can, ba a inda za a fitar da fa'idodin samar da wutar lantarki na cikin gida da na ketare, kuma ba a iya siyar da daftarin kaya a farashi mai rahusa.
Tasirin yaƙe-yaƙe na farashi akan masana'antu shine jerin: a cikin yanayin faɗuwar farashin, ayyukan masu samar da kayayyaki na ci gaba da kasancewa cikin matsin lamba, wanda zai iya shafar ayyukan kamfanin cikin sauƙi da R&D;yayin da masu siye na ƙasa za su kwatanta fa'idodin farashin kuma a sauƙaƙe watsi da samfuran.Ayyukan aiki ko matsalolin tsaro.
Tabbas, wannan zagaye na yakin farashin na iya haifar da babban canji a cikin masana'antar ajiyar makamashi, kuma yana iya haɓaka tasirin Matiyu a cikin masana'antar.Bayan haka, ko da wane irin masana'antu ne, fa'idar fasaha, ƙarfin kuɗi, da ma'aunin ƙarfin samarwa na manyan masana'antu sun wuce ikon ƙananan masana'antu da matsakaitan masana'antu don ci gaba da yin gasa.Yayin da yakin farashin ya dade, zai kasance mafi fa'ida ga manyan kamfanoni, da karancin makamashi da makamashin da kamfanoni na biyu da na uku za su samu.Ana amfani da kuɗi don haɓaka fasaha, haɓaka samfuri, da haɓaka ƙarfin samarwa, yana sa kasuwa ta fi mai da hankali.
'Yan wasa daga kowane nau'i na rayuwa suna kwarara, farashin samfur yana faɗuwa akai-akai, tsarin ma'auni na makamashi ba daidai ba ne, kuma akwai haɗarin aminci da ba za a iya watsi da su ba.Juyin halin yanzu na duk masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ya kawo cikas ga ingantaccen ci gaban masana'antar.
A zamanin ajiyar makamashi mai girma, ta yaya za mu karanta nassosin kasuwanci?
Ayyukan kamfanonin batir lithium da aka jera a cikin kashi uku na farkon 2023
Dangane da aikin batirin lithium na A-share da aka jera kamfanoni (kamfanonin kera batir na tsakiya kawai, ban da kamfanoni a cikin abubuwan da ke sama da filin kayan aiki) wanda Cibiyar Batir ta tsara a cikin kashi uku na farko na 2023, jimlar kudaden shiga na kamfanoni 31 da aka jera. A cikin kididdigar, an samu yuan tiriliyan 1.04, tare da jimilar ribar da ta kai yuan biliyan 71.966, kuma kamfanoni 12 sun samu kudaden shiga da kuma karuwar riba mai yawa.
Abin da ba za a iya watsi da shi ba shi ne, a cikin jerin kamfanonin batir lithium da aka haɗa a cikin kididdigar, 17 ne kawai ke da ingantaccen ci gaban aikin shiga na shekara-shekara a cikin kashi uku na farko, wanda ya kai kusan 54.84%;BYD yana da mafi girman ƙimar girma, wanda ya kai 57.75%.
Gabaɗaya, duk da cewa buƙatar batir ɗin wuta da batir ajiyar makamashi ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa tun farkon wannan shekara, haɓakar haɓaka ya ragu.Koyaya, saboda ci gaba da ɓarna a matakin farko, buƙatun mabukaci da ƙananan batura masu ƙarfi ba su sami farfadowa sosai ba.Rukuni ukun da ke sama an fi su.Akwai mabambantan digiri na gasa mai rahusa a kasuwar batir, da kuma manyan sauye-sauye a farashin albarkatun kasa da sauran dalilai.Gabaɗaya aikin kamfanonin batir lithium da aka jera yana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
Tabbas, masana'antar ajiyar makamashi tana haifar da wani babban fashewa.Ma'ajiyar makamashin lantarki da batirin lithium ke wakilta zai mamaye babban matsayi a masana'antar ajiyar makamashi.Wannan tuni wani lamari ne.Wasu daga cikin masana'antar sun bayyana cewa halin da ake ciki a masana'antar ajiyar makamashi daidai yake da na karfe, na'urar daukar hoto da sauran fannoni.Kyakkyawan yanayin masana'antu sun haifar da karfin aiki kuma ba za a iya kaucewa yakin farashin ba.
Baturin wuta, baturin ajiyar makamashi, baturin lithium
A cewar EVTank, buƙatun duniya na batir (ajiya na makamashi) zai zama 1,096.5GWh da 2,614.6GWh a cikin 2023 da 2026, kuma ƙimar ikon amfani da masana'antar gabaɗaya zai ragu daga 46.0% a cikin 2023 zuwa 3208.2% EVTank ya ce tare da saurin haɓaka ƙarfin samar da masana'antu, alamun ikon yin amfani da ƙarfin aiki na masana'antar batir gabaɗaya (ajiya mai ƙarfi) yana da damuwa.
Kwanan baya, dangane da yadda masana'antar batir lithium ta sauya, Yiwei Lithium Energy ya bayyana a cikin binciken hukumar karbar baki cewa, daga kashi uku na uku na wannan shekara, ana sa ran masana'antar batirin lithium za ta kai wani mataki mai ma'ana mai kyau da ci gaba a cikin wannan fanni. kwata na hudu.Gabaɗaya magana, bambancin masana'antu zai zo a wannan shekara.Masu kyau za su fi kyau.Kamfanonin da ba za su iya samun riba ba na iya fuskantar yanayi mai wahala.Darajar kamfanonin da ba za su iya samun riba ba za su ci gaba da raguwa.A halin da ake ciki yanzu, kamfanonin batir suna buƙatar samun ci gaba mai inganci kuma su yi ƙoƙari don fasaha, inganci, inganci, da ƙididdigewa.Wannan hanya ce mai kyau ta ci gaba.
Amma game da yaƙe-yaƙe na farashi, babu masana'antar da za ta iya guje wa hakan.Idan kowane kamfani zai iya rage farashi kuma ya ƙara haɓaka aiki ba tare da sadaukar da ingancin samfurin ba, hakika zai inganta ci gaban masana'antu;amma idan gasa ce mara kyau, zai gwammace sadaukar da aikin Samfur da inganci ya yi gasa don oda, amma hakan ba zai tsaya a gwada lokaci ba.Musamman, ajiyar makamashi ba samfurin lokaci ɗaya ba ne kuma yana buƙatar aiki na dogon lokaci da kulawa.Yana da alaƙa da aminci kuma yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da sunan kamfani.
Dangane da gasar farashi a kasuwar ajiyar makamashi, Yiwei Lithium Energy ya yi imanin cewa dole ne gasar farashin ta kasance, amma akwai kawai tsakanin wasu kamfanoni.Kamfanonin da ke rage farashin kawai amma ba su da ikon ci gaba da ƙididdige samfuran da fasaha ba za su iya kasancewa cikin mafi kyawun kamfanoni a cikin dogon lokaci ba.don yin takara a kasuwa.CATL ta kuma mayar da martani da cewa a halin yanzu akwai wasu gasa masu rahusa a kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta cikin gida, kuma kamfanin ya dogara ne kan aiki da ingancin kayayyakinsa don yin gasa, maimakon dabarun farashi mai rahusa.
Alkaluma sun nuna cewa larduna da birane da dama a fadin kasar sun yi nasarar sanar da tsare-tsaren bunkasa makamashin makamashi.Kasuwancin ajiyar makamashi na cikin gida yana cikin mahimmiyar lokaci daga farkon matakin aikace-aikace zuwa aikace-aikace mai girma.Daga cikin su, akwai babban dakin samar da makamashin lantarki na makamashin lantarki, kuma zuwa wani lokaci Wannan ya kara kuzari sama da kasa na sarkar masana'antu don hanzarta tsarin masana'antu masu alaƙa.Duk da haka, yin la'akari da yanayin aikace-aikacen gida na yanzu, yawancin su har yanzu suna cikin matakin rarrabawa da ajiya na wajibi, kuma halin da ake ciki na rarrabawa amma ba amfani da ƙananan amfani da ƙananan amfani ba a bayyane yake.
A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, don daidaita tsarin gudanar da sabbin hanyoyin haɗin wutar lantarki, haɓaka tsarin aikin aikawa, ba da cikakken wasa ga rawar sabon ajiyar makamashi, da tallafawa gina sabbin tsarin makamashi da sabbin tsarin wutar lantarki, National Energy Energy. Gudanarwa ta shirya zazzagewar "On Haɓaka Sabuwar Sanarwa na Ajiye Makamashi akan Haɗin Grid da Aiki Aiki (Draft don Sharhi)" tare da neman ra'ayi a bainar jama'a.Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙarfafa gudanar da sabbin ayyukan ajiyar makamashi, samar da sabbin ayyukan haɗin grid na makamashi, da haɓaka amfani da sabbin makamashin makamashi ta hanyar da ta dace da kasuwa.
A kasuwannin ketare, duk da cewa odar ajiyar gidaje ta fara yin sanyi, raguwar bukatu da matsalar makamashi ke haifarwa al'ada ce.Dangane da tanadin makamashi na masana'antu da na kasuwanci da manyan ma'ajiyar, buƙatun kasuwannin ketare ya ragu.Kwanan nan, CATL da Ruipu Lanjun suna da , Haichen Energy Storage, Narada Power da sauran kamfanoni sun yi nasarar sanar da cewa sun sami manyan odar ajiyar makamashi daga kasuwannin ketare.
A cewar wani rahoton bincike na baya-bayan nan da hukumar kula da hada-hadar kudi ta kasar Sin ta fitar, yawan ajiyar makamashi yana kara samun tattalin arziki a yankuna da dama.A sa'i daya kuma, bukatu da ma'auni na cikin gida don rarrabawa da adana makamashi na ci gaba da karuwa, manufofin Turai na goyon bayan manyan ma'ajiyar kayayyaki ya karu, kuma dangantakar Sin da Amurka ta samu ci gaba kadan., ana sa ran inganta haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar manyan ma'auni da kuma ajiyar makamashi mai amfani a shekara mai zuwa.
Everview Lithium Energy ya yi hasashen cewa, ana sa ran bunkasuwar masana'antar ajiyar makamashi za ta yi sauri a shekarar 2024, saboda farashin batir ya ragu zuwa matakin da ake ciki yanzu kuma yana da kyakkyawar tattalin arziki.Ana sa ran buƙatun ajiyar makamashi a kasuwannin ketare zai kiyaye babban ci gaba..
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-21-2023